Federal OSHA · osha.gov
Fibrogenic Dusts

Coke Oven Emissions Medical Surveillance

Coke oven emissions (PAH-rich particulate) cause lung and kidney cancer; affects workers on coke oven batteries in steel production within regulated areas.

PEL150 µg/m³ (benzene-soluble fraction of total particulate matter), 8-hr TWA [1910.1029(c)]
Who is covered: All employees employed in a regulated area at least 30 days/year [1910.1029(j)(1)(i)]

Evaluation performed by: Licensed physician (employer-selected)

🩺 Baseline / Pre-Placement

At initial assignment to a regulated area [1910.1029(j)(2)]

  • Work and medical history including smoking history and presence/degree of respiratory symptoms (breathlessness, cough, sputum production, wheezing)
  • 14×17 (or other reasonably-sized) standard-film or digital PA chest X-ray (no ILO classification mandated federally)
  • Pulmonary function test — FVC and FEV1.0
  • Weight measurement
  • Skin examination
  • Urinalysis (sugar, albumin, hematuria)
  • Urinary cytology examination [1910.1029(j)(2)(vii)]
🕒 Periodic / Routine

Interval-based while covered — NOT result-triggered

Schedule: At least annually for the general regulated-area workforce [1910.1029(j)(3)(i)]. At least annually (NOT every 6 months) for employees 45+ years old OR with 5+ years employment in the regulated area, whose annual exam ADDS urinary cytology [1910.1029(j)(3)(ii)]. Both groups are annual federally.

  • Work and medical history including smoking history and presence/degree of respiratory symptoms (breathlessness, cough, sputum production, wheezing)
  • 14×17 (or other reasonably-sized) standard-film or digital PA chest X-ray (no ILO classification mandated federally)
  • Pulmonary function test — FVC and FEV1.0
  • Weight measurement
  • Skin examination
  • Urinalysis (sugar, albumin, hematuria)
  • Urinary cytology — added annually for employees 45+ or with 5+ years in the regulated area

Reporting Requirements

Who performs the evaluationLicensed physician (employer-selected)
Reported to employerWritten opinion limited to: the results of the medical examination and tests; any detected medical condition that would place the employee at increased risk from coke-oven-emission exposure; recommended exposure/PPE limitations; and a statement that the employee has been informed of the results and any condition requiring further examination or treatment. Unrelated findings must not be revealed [1910.1029(j)(5)(i)].
Reported to / for the employeeEmployer provides a copy of the written opinion to the affected employee; the employee is informed of the exam results and any condition requiring further evaluation.
Time limitsThe standard does not specify an explicit deadline for furnishing the copy of the written opinion to the employee (see unverified note).
Second-opinion / multi-physician reviewNo formal multiple-physician review mechanism specified.
RecordkeepingMedical records retained for at least 40 years, or for the duration of employment plus 20 years, whichever is longer [1910.1029(m)(2)(iii)].

Medical Removal Protection

No medical removal protection scheme; physician's written opinion conveys results, increased-risk findings, and exposure/PPE limitations.

How this compares to Cal/OSHA: Largest divergence of the four substances. California 8 CCR 5211 is materially more stringent than federal 1910.1029 in three ways: (1) it requires SPUTUM cytology (5211(s)(2)(G)), which federal 1910.1029 does not require at all (federal requires URINARY cytology only); (2) it mandates SEMI-ANNUAL (every-6-month) exams for the 45+/5-year group (5211(s)(3)(B)), whereas federal is ANNUAL for that group (federal adds urinary cytology annually, not on a 6-month interval); and (3) it mandates ILO U/C classification of the chest X-ray (5211(s)(2)(B)), whereas federal 1910.1029 requires the X-ray but not ILO classification. Both jurisdictions agree on the 150 µg/m³ PEL, the 30-days/year regulated-area trigger, and urinary cytology.

Occu-Med handles Coke Oven Emissions surveillance end-to-end

Scheduling, exams, lab panels, physician review, removal/return determinations, and audit-ready recordkeeping — fully compliant with Federal OSHA requirements.